Is a Dummy Battery Necessary for Long Streaming Sessions
A dummy battery is often necessary for streaming sessions exceeding 60 minutes to prevent mid-broadcast power failure and maintain consistent voltage.
StingPhotography · free photography reference
Photography, by the numbers.
Calculators and a searchable database of 1,850 cameras, 1,000 lenses, 800 film stocks, golden-hour times for 650 cities and field guides for 608 species — every figure computed from published specs and physics.
Calculators
All tools
Depth of fieldNear/far sharpness & hyperfocal for any lens.Golden hourGolden & blue hour for your GPS position.ExposureEquivalent exposures & EV.ND filterLong exposures with a countdown timer.NPF / 500 ruleSharp stars, every time.Crop factorFull-frame equivalents.Print sizePixels to inches & cm.All 12 toolsField of view, time-lapse, flash…
Explore the database
1,850CamerasSensor sizes, crop factors, lens equivalents and DoF for every model.1,000LensesEquivalents on every format, bokeh index and compatible bodies.87Lens mounts & adaptersFlange distances and 300 adapter combinations.800Film stocksISO, process, formats, exposure and push/pull.650Golden hour cities12-month light tables for cities worldwide.608Wildlife guidesLens, settings and season for birds & mammals.369DoF tablesEvery focal length × aperture × format.323EXIF tagsMetadata reference with ExifTool & Python.
Camera settings cheat sheets
All 55- Milky Way photographyf/1.4–f/2.8 · 10–25 s
- Fireworksf/8–f/11 · 2–8 s
- Outdoor portraitsf/1.8–f/2.8 · 1/250 s+
- Sunset photographyf/8–f/11 · As metered
- Silky waterfallsf/8–f/16 · 1/4–2 s
- Birds in flight1/2500–1/4000 s · f/6.3–f/8
- Northern lights (aurora)f/1.4–f/2.8 · 1–8 s
- Outdoor sports1/1000–1/2000 s · f/2.8–f/5.6
Wildlife field guides
608 species
MallardDucks, Geese, and Swans
Great Blue HeronHerons, Egrets, and Bitterns
American RobinThrushes
Canada GooseDucks, Geese, and Swans
White-tailed DeerDeer
Northern CardinalCardinals and Allies
Eastern Gray SquirrelSquirrels
Red-tailed HawkHawks, Eagles, and Kites
House FinchFinches, Euphonias, and Allies
House SparrowOld World Sparrows Popular references
Latest articles
Stop Bath and Fixer Explained Do You Need Both
Stop bath and fixer are essential chemical stages in film development. Using both prevents chemical contamination and ensures your negatives last for years.
What Is a Film Squeegee and Is One Needed for Projects
A film squeegee is a handheld tool used to apply pressure to adhesive vinyl. It is necessary for achieving a smooth, bubble-free finish on most surfaces.
Are Cheap Teleprompters Worth It for Solo Creators
Cheap teleprompters are effective for solo creators if you prioritize script consistency over high-end build quality, often costing under 150 dollars.
Can You Use a Mirrorless Camera as a Webcam Without Cost
Yes, you can often use a mirrorless camera as a webcam for free by using USB streaming or software, provided your model supports UVC or tethering modes.
Stainless Steel vs Plastic Film Tanks Which Is Better
Choosing between stainless steel and plastic developing tanks depends on your workflow. Steel offers speed and longevity, while plastic aids beginners.
Open data, transparent math
Specifications are merged from 14 public sources — Wikipedia, Wikidata, Lensfun, openMVG, GeoNames, iNaturalist, ExifTool and more — then every derived number (crop factor, depth of field, NPF rule, print size, sun position) is calculated with documented formulas. How we calculate · All sources
7,051pages
1,850cameras
1,000lenses
650cities
14open sources