Mammal field guide · Earless Seals

Photographing the Harbor Seal

How to photograph the Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina): the right lens for its size, shutter speeds for perched and moving animals, and when it's most often seen (June, July and August).

120–400 cm1/2000–1/3200 s
120–400 cm
Typical length (family range)
1/1000 s
Shutter: perched / still
1/2000–1/3200 s
Shutter: action / flight
f/6.3–f/8
Aperture
48,815
Research-grade sightings in N. America
ModeManual + Auto ISOLock shutter & aperture, let ISO float
Shutter (still)1/1000 s
Shutter (action)1/2000–1/3200 s
Aperturef/6.3–f/8
FocusAF-C + subject/eye detectionBoat motion adds blur — keep 1/1000 s minimum and use stabilisation.
DriveHigh-speed burst
Lens100–400 mmFull-frame equivalent

Focal length needed to frame it#

For a subject about 260 cm long filling a third or half of the frame width horizontally.

Distance⅓ of frame (FF)½ of frame (FF)⅓ of frame (APS-C)⅓ of frame (MFT)
5 m (16 ft)23 mm34 mm15 mm11 mm
10 m (33 ft)45 mm69 mm30 mm23 mm
15 m (49 ft)68 mm103 mm45 mm34 mm
20 m (66 ft)91 mm138 mm61 mm45 mm
30 m (98 ft)136 mm206 mm91 mm68 mm
50 m (164 ft)227 mm344 mm152 mm114 mm

When to find it#

Jan: 6% Jan Feb: 6% Feb Mar: 8% Mar Apr: 9% Apr May: 9% May Jun: 11% Jun Jul: 13% Jul Aug: 13% Aug Sep: 10% Sep Oct: 6% Oct Nov: 5% Nov Dec: 5% Dec
Share of iNaturalist observations by month across North America. Peak months: June, July and August.

About the Harbor Seal#

The harbor (or harbour) seal (Phoca vitulina), also known as the common seal, is a true seal found along temperate and Arctic marine coastlines of the Northern Hemisphere. The most widely distributed species of pinniped (walruses, eared seals, and true seals), they are found in coastal waters of the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Baltic and North Seas.

Summary adapted from Wikipedia via iNaturalist (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Field-craft tips#

  • Haul-outs: stay back so seals don't flush into the water.
  • Boat motion adds blur — keep 1/1000 s minimum and use stabilisation.
  • Sightings peak in June, July and August, which is when you'll have the most chances.

Ethics#

  • The welfare of the animal comes first: if it changes its behaviour because of you, you are too close.
  • Stay on trails, respect closures around nests, leks, dens and haul-outs.
  • Avoid playback and baiting in sensitive seasons; never bait predators.
  • Don't share precise locations of rare, nesting or roosting animals publicly.

More Earless Seals#

Frequently asked questions#

What lens do I need to photograph a Harbor Seal?

At about 260 cm long, a harbor seal fills a third of a full-frame image at 10 m with roughly 45 mm, or at 20 m with 91 mm.

What shutter speed should I use for a Harbor Seal?

1/1000 s when it's still; 1/2000–1/3200 s for action.

When is the best time to photograph a Harbor Seal?

Observations in North America peak in June, July and August. Early morning and late afternoon give the best light and activity.

Sources & licences#

Last updated October 03, 2026 · How we calculate · Sources